Category: Opinion

This morning (Sunday), Heather left early to attend a Winter Solstice ceremony in Annapolis Royal.

Meanwhile, I am trying to adjust to the changes in government. At the municipal level, the departure of John Ferguson and Bruce Gillis. At the provincial level, Stephen McNeil has shut down the government process. What can we expect?

Clearly, the COVID pandemic will continue through 2021. Will we take the time to reinvent the democratic processes? Will we see a more inclusive approach towards communities and citizens?

Yesterday, I met with good friend, Paul Colville. As part of the conversation, we reflected on the changes in the rural economy of Nova Scotia over the last forty or more years. What was influencing those changes? Have the changes in our technologies made life easier or more challenging? There is the potential to be more informed, but what about the content of that information?

Every Sunday, I receive electronically, Brain Pickings. This week, the Annual Special : Favourite Books of 2020. It includes reference to twenty books. This is far too much for me to absorb.

What is not changing?

I could say, the birds looking for winter food, or the wintery weather. The view across the Valley to North Mountain. The need to load wood into the stove. And yet, if we look closely, these elements of the exterior environment are indeed changing too. In some cases, imperceptibly slowly.

The optimist in me, says that perhaps the human systems are changing too, also imperceptibly. And in what direction? My fear is that while we are caught up in the pandemic we, as a society, are unable to do two or more things at the same time. Even though, they are complexly intertwined.

Postscript

From Emergence Magazine, The Serviceberry: an Economy of Abundance, essay by Robin Wall Kimmerer (Podcast available at the link).

It’s a sad day when a forestry company has to issue a court injunction against a group of citizens who are seeking to protect forest values. What has happened to the role of government to balance competing interests? Are crown lands supposed to be managed for multiple values?

We can do better. The technologies exist for detailed management of the landscape. This includes tree species, wildlife species, soil conditions, water and air quality. The same is true of our seascape. In other jurisdictions, it is no longer a race to the bottom. There are other values besides the $$$.

What needs to change?

1. the accountability of government.
2. the accountability of our educational institutions.
3. citizen engagement.

We need a society which values our differences. That recognizes the richness of our landscape/seascape and its capacity to support a wide range of viewpoints. We should be a haven for different perspectives and points of view.

Southwest Nova Scotia did not embrace the biosphere reserve concept to see it ‘flushed down the toilet’ because of the inability of our government representatives to understand that society can uphold multiple values.

Let’s wake up! If not now, at least after the COVID pandemic is over. Indeed, now we have the time to think about doing things differently. If the politicians don’t understand it, then let’s change them. In turn, if the civil servants don’t understand it, then let’s change them. If educational institutions don’t understand it, let’s change the teaching and research agendas.

Perhaps, we could start by renaming the Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry to the Nova Scotia Department of Landscape Ecology. A radical idea. Meaningless, unless there is a change in behaviour.

Last Thursday, Heather and I went to the Extinction Rebellion (XR) encampment on crown land within the Southwest Nova Biosphere region.

It is about a two hour drive from our home base in Paradise. You take Highway #101 to Weymouth and then head inland towards the Tobeatic Wilderness Area. This requires driving over twenty kilometres on forestry roads.

On our return home, I wanted to check our route and thus went to the Nova Scotia Atlas. The area of interest is on page 71. What struck me was the difference in land use designation between 2001 (first edition) and 2019 (seventh edition). This is perhaps best illustrated by page 64. (See photographs).

The map sheet has changed colour. From primarily white (private land ownership in 2001) to primarily green (crown lands) and yellow (provincial parks, wilderness areas and nature reserves) in 2019. My assumption is that this is the result of the Bowater Mersey land coming under the management of the provincial department of Lands and Forestry. In 2016, WestFor Management Inc. was established to implement the forest management.

The good news is that the yellow areas are ‘protected’ from clearcutting. The bad news is that the green areas ‘crown lands’ are available for cutting at the discretion of the provincial government, in association with WestFor.

These findings need to be placed within the context of the Biosphere Reserve. The Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve was established in 2001. At that time, it defined as a core area: Kejimkujik National Park and the Tobeatic Wilderness Area and the surrounding working landscape. At the time of review, UNESCO MAB insisted on a definition of the buffer zone, which would require engagement of interested parties, in particular, the Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry.

Last week, Doug Hickman sent a report to UNESCO, the provincial and municipal governments which identifies the need for a management plan which protects the habitat of endangered species in the region, in particular the mainland moose (see download links, below).

Meanwhile, cutting continues apace on both private land and crown land.

Acknowledgements.

Doug Hickman for producing a comprehensive review of the situation in a short time frame. Heather for her work on a safety plan. Edward for his graphics skills.

References

The Nova Scotia Atlas. 2001. Fifth edition co-published by Formac and the Province of Nova Scotia.

The Nova Scotia Atlas 2019. Seventh edition co-published by Formac and the Province of Nova Scotia

Doug Hickman, November 18, 2020. Backgrounder and Report (two documents) “GUTTED. Endangered Mainland Moose and how the government of Nova Scotia makes a mockery of UNESCO” (see below)

In these COVID times, it was a relief to receive a new season of The Crown on Netflix (ten episodes ).

Watching the first two episodes, one was reminded of the definition of crown lands in Great Britain. There were images of deer hunting, shooting grouse in the Scottish Highlands around Balmoral. It is the playground of the privileged. Seeing ‘Prince Charles’ one remembers his time at Gordonstoun.

How much of this colonial past are we bringing to Nova Scotia ? Is this a culture of monied privilege that we are importing into the Annapolis Valley ?

The good news is The Crown series, an excellent product from the BBC, reminds us both of the class system in Great Britain and acts as a vivid reminder of the term ‘crown lands’. At a time when we need to revisit the concept in Nova Scotia.

Driving down Highway #1 from Bridgetown to Annapolis Royal, just past The Broken Wheel B&B, Heather remarked on the invasion of multiflora rose (see earlier blog post) on the south side of the road towards the Annapolis River. Clearly, it does not take much neglect before these species colonize abandoned fields and take them out of production.

We noted, too, the new pavement on Highway #1. Unlike Highway #201, there seems to be little truck traffic, either logs or aggregate.

Is this because the Premier has a home on Highway #1? Is it because different highways have different codes? Or perhaps the residents on Highway #201 are less vocal in their opposition to logging and aggregate trucks? Or the logs and aggregate are coming off South Mountain? Incognito? Who knows.

Regardless, I am content that I am able to watch Netflix at home on a dark Winter evening.

Acknowledgements

Heather is my observant travel companion. Edward is my blog graphic designer.

This weekend, I had the time to read carefully Gary Snyder’s essay, The Place, the Region and the Commons in The Practice of the Wild.

“David Foreman, founder of the Earth First ! Movement recently (1990) states his radical provenance. ‘It came from the Public Lands Conservation movement – the solid, stodgy movement that goes back to the thirties and before. Yet these land and wildlife issues were what politicized John Muir, John Wesley Powell and Aldo Leopold — the abuses of public land.” p.29.

“American Public lands are the twentieth-century incarnation of a much older institution known across Eurasia – in English, called the ‘commons’ – which was the ancient mode of both protecting and managing the wilds of the self-governing regions. It worked well enough until the age of market economics, colonization and imperialism.”:

“Because it is traditional and local, it is not identical with today’s ‘public domain’ which is land held and managed by a central government. Under a national state such management may be destructive or benign – but in no case is it locally managed. One of the ideas in the current debate on how to reform our public lands is that of returning them to regional control.”

“In the United States, an enormous area was de facto public domain and the Forest Service, the Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management were formed to manage it. (The same sorts of land in Canada and Australia are called ”Crown Lands”, a reflection of the history of English rulers trying to wrest the Commons from the people.”

“The commons is a curious and elegant social institution within which human beings once lived free political lives while weaving through natural systems. The commons is a level of organization of human society that includes the non-human. The level above the local commons is the Bio-region. Understanding the Commons and it’s role within the larger regional culture is one more step towards integrating ecology with economy.” p.37.

From my conversations with David Sollows and Cliff Drysdale (both with SNBRA) it appears that we need to have a similar discussion about Crown lands in Nova Scotia.

Perhaps a starting point would be for the key players: SNBRA, NS Department of Lands and Forestry, Municipal governments and WestFor to check out Gary Snyder’s essay: The Place, The Region and the Commons.

Acknowledgements
David Sollows and Cliff Drysdale for their interaction. Edward and Heather for their support.

Reference

Gary Snyder, 1990. The Practice of the Wild. North Point Press.

Postscript

Memories of Haida Gwaii

As part of the no spraying of glyphosate in Annapolis County, the Warden sent a letter to the Minister of Lands and Forestry, Ian Rankin and the Minister of Environment, Gordon Wilson. This week, he shared the response from Wilson:

He quoted Health Canada, “it does not present risks of concern to human health or the environment when used according to the revised label directions”.

This response does not answer my concern. My concern is that the spraying of the forest with a herbicide is part of the clear-cutting, industrial approach to forest management. This approach does not recognize the value of all the other species which co-exist in this landscape. We have not heard from Minister Rankin.

Except, that he is running to replace Premier Stephen McNeil on an ‘environmental’ agenda!

Over ten years ago, I was directly involved in the recognition of the value of Southwest Nova as a Biosphere Reserve (SNBR) under the UNESCO Man and Biosphere program. Today, you see the signage on the Highway #101. This reserve includes a core protected area: Kejimkujik National Park and the Tobeatic Wilderness Area, a buffer zone and the working landscape.

How is this part of the province being impacted by the different forestry practices: clear-cutting, selective cutting and ecological forestry?

Again, it would make a wonderful GIS student project to undertake a polygon on polygon overlay between the SNBR zones, and the forested parcels in Southwest Nova Scotia.
To conduct this analysis, we would need a map of the forest stands and their harvest history. This type of analysis should be of interest to our environmental NGOs e.g. MTRI, CARP and UNESCO MAB.

What does it mean for our ‘island of hope’ – Annapolis County, at a time of municipal election ?

Orchard Experience

It has been a hot , dry Summer. This has led to a bumper apple crop. It now looks like we will exceed 21 bins of NovaMac/MacFree apples. There is no spraying. It is a certified organic product which will be used to make apple cider, cider vinegar and apple brandy.

Acknowledgements

Heather and I wish to thank the collaborators with the harvest: Rick and Kathy, Neil Bent and Brian Boates. It could not have been done without your encouragement.

Postscript

We watched David Attenborough’s “A Life on Our Planet” on Netflix. He is 93 years old. The film emphasized the need for rewilding our landscape, for attention to our ocean environment and for the move to alternative renewable energy : solar, wind and hydro.

This week, Heather and I have been spending a fair amount of time at the Eel Weir Lake camp with the Extinction Rebellion, protesting the aerial spraying with Glyphosate over three parcels in Annapolis County : one at Eel Weir Lake and two at Paradise Lake.

As we tried to help with directions to the site, Heather noticed a a difference between the fifth edition of The Nova Scotia Atlas (2001) and the seventh edition (2019).

Her sharp eye noted:

1. The location of West Inglisville has moved from the turn in the road on the West Inglisville Road to the end of the Trout Lake Road (cartographic freedom)
2. the road changed from Local Road (red) to Loose Surface(black)
3. the areas designated as crown land (Green) were much more extensive in 2019 than 2001.
4. You can still observe the Eel Weir Lake parcel however it is now surrounded by crown land, especially towards Paradise Lake.

The questions are:

Can the crown land now be clear-cut?

If so, by whom. Freeman Lumber?

After clear-cutting, will we see more aerial spraying?

I remember when I used to teach Geography at the university that Mark Monmonier wrote a wonderful book, How to Lie with Maps (1996).

In the case of the Nova Scotia Atlas, it seems that there have been political decisions to change the designation of crown land. This would then give the government the go ahead to contact the forestry sector for forest management. It could be clear-cutting, including spraying, or it could be ecological forestry. Either way, there should be a process where the citizens can see these maps. At the current rate, the whole province could be designated clear-cut and set to be sprayed. This is TOTALLY unacceptable.

What is the definition of ‘crown land’? Is it land for recreation and enjoyment by Nova Scotians? Or simply a land bank for the forestry industry?

Last night, I was talking to George Rizsanyi at the protest camp. We were talking about Labrador and Mina Hubbard. Here is the reference.
The woman who mapped Labrador: the life and expedition diary of Mina Hubbard.

George, enjoy.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to those individuals who joined us the camp: Steve, Rick, Carol, Kathy, Heather, Darlene, Debby, Nina, Peter, Neil, Justine, George. Visits from Larry Powell and Tim Habinski. Some dropped in, others stayed overnight. Special kudos to the Extinction Rebellion team. Heather for all her hard work and keen eye. Siqsiq for keeping the coyotes at bay. Edward and David for help with the graphics.

References

Mark Monmonier, 1996. How to lie with maps. University of Chicago Press

Mina Hubbard, May 2012. The woman who mapped Labrador: the life and expedition diary of Mina Hubbard. McGill University Press.

It is a busy time in Paradise. Time to pick apples, and to harvest tomatoes and vegetables from the garden. And, protest about the possibility of aerial spraying at Roxbury on Paradise Lake and at Eel Weir Lake. There are two parcels of land at Roxbury and one parcel at Eel Weir Lake (see map HERE).

The Eel Weir Lake and Mud Lake are part of the water supply catchment for the Village of Lawrencetown.

Heather and I made a reconnaissance of the Eel Weir Lake parcel. We checked out the access roads, off the Inglisville Road. Finally, deciding that the best access to the protest camp would be from the Rifle Range Road.

On our travels, we found the remains of the tree planters bus. Hidden away in the woods, after the last cycle of harvesting and planting.

If you want to obtain a good visual picture of the forest cover, and landscape, key in West Inglisville into Google Earth.

When we were at the Burlington rally, one of the team mentioned the title of a folk song, ‘No cell phones in Paradise’. I would add a sign ‘No spraying in Paradise‘. Note the frog in the above poster.

If you spend time up in the woods on South Mountain, you will notice the beautiful night sky. On the ground, you will see the amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders), the bees on the goldenrod, the birds and other critters. Plus the rich mix of Acadian forest species.

If you live down slope, along the Inglisville Road, Highway #201 or Highway #1 it is likely that the rain falling on the forests of South Mountain is making its way down to the Annapolis River.

Please check the news release for further information , and support ‘No spraying in Paradise’.

Postscript

Want to see what happens three years after whole forest clear-cutting near Middle Musquodoboit, Nova Scotia? Click HERE.

This week, I received a link to George Monbiot’s Guardian article on a new campaign ‘to decolonize the countryside’. Meanwhile, in Nova Scotia I read Larry Powell’s article on the Protected Community Forest initiative.

Reflecting on the differences and similarities between Europe and North America, I recall arriving in Schefferville, Quebec to work at the McGill Sub-Arctic Research Laboratory in Summer 1964. Conducting field research on the Canadian Shield, I developed a very different perspective on the relationship between man and nature.

Eventually, in 1969, I left my job with IBM in England and moved to Canada to study alpine vegetation patterns in the Rockies, just off the Columbia Icefields.

This week, I have been hearing about plans to spray the vegetation in the West Inglisville and Paradise area of South Mountain. I have obtained the Property Identifiers (PID) and with Viewpoint can accurately locate the designated areas.

Here are my questions.

1) the Municipality of Annapolis produced its Forestry report in 2018. Does the Municipality have a say in the Forestry practices impacting citizens in the county?

2) Driving to Bridgewater, I see signs ‘Nova Scotia needs Forestry’. Is that indeed the case? If so, what type of forestry? Read Bob Bancroft’s article in this weekend’s Chronicle Herald.

3) Does the Municipality have any control or input over land use planning in the county? Or are all decisions related to Forestry, Agriculture, Mining made at the provincial level?

4) Finally, with the demise of local newspapers, it is hard to imagine how we are going to understand the positions of candidates in the municipal election. Thankfully, we have The Bridgetown Reader and the link municipalelection-annapoliscounty.com for the basic facts.

While in Lunenburg to collect a few bottles of Hunter brandy at Ironworks Distillery, we dropped into Lunenburg Bound bookstore. I found Daniel Botkin’s book, No Man’s Garden. Thoreau and a new vision for civilization and nature, written in 2001.

We are still seeking that new vision.

Acknowledgements

To my brother for the Guardian link. To Rocky Hebb for notice about the spraying. To Gregory Heming for the PIDs. Larry Powell for his report on the Protected Community Forest. As always, support from Heather and Edward.

References
Daniel Botkin, 2001. No Man’s Garden: Thoreau and a new vision for Civilization and Nature. Island Press.
Bob Bancroft, Forest plantations defy science, ignore economics. Chronicle Herald. August 22. Opinion C2.
Lawrence Powell. Annapolis County group raising funds to protect the forest.